Class 10 · Science · 12 experiments
Pick an experiment to enter the virtual lab.
NCERT Activity 3.1: Observe and compare the appearance of metals (Fe, Cu, Al, Mg) and non-metals (S, C, I). Metals are lustrous; non-metals are dull.
NCERT Activity 3.2: Hammer metals (Fe, Al) — they flatten into sheets (malleable). Draw them into wires (ductile). Metallic bonding lets atoms slide without breaking.
NCERT Activity 3.3: Hammer non-metals (S, C, I) — they break or crumble. Non-metals are brittle due to directional covalent bonds, unlike metals which flatten.
NCERT Activity 3.4: Test metals (Fe, Cu, Al) and non-metals (S, graphite) in a circuit. Metals conduct (free electrons). Graphite is a surprising exception!
NCERT Activity 3.5: Burn Mg ribbon → white ash (MgO). Dissolve in water → Mg(OH)₂. Red litmus turns blue — metal oxides are BASIC.
NCERT Activity 3.6: Burn sulphur → SO₂ (blue flame). Dissolve in water → H₂SO₃. Blue litmus turns red — non-metal oxides are ACIDIC.
NCERT Activity 3.7: Na reacts vigorously, Ca moderately, Mg very slowly, Fe not at all with cold water. Reactivity decreases down the series.
NCERT Activity 3.8: Zn, Mg, Fe react with dil. HCl to give H₂ (pop test). Cu does NOT react — it is below H in the reactivity series.
NCERT Activity 3.9: Iron nail in CuSO₄ solution → blue fades to green (FeSO₄), reddish-brown Cu coats the nail. More reactive Fe displaces Cu.
NCERT Activity 3.10: Place metal strips in salt solutions — observe displacement reactions and build the reactivity series Al > Zn > Fe > Cu.
NCERT Activity 3.11: Solid NaCl does NOT conduct (ions locked). Aqueous NaCl CONDUCTS (free ions). Molten NaCl CONDUCTS (free ions). Ions must be mobile!
NCERT Activity 3.12: Iron rusts only when BOTH air AND water are present. 3 test tubes prove: air+water → rust; air only → no rust; water only → no rust.