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Activity 10.3 — Rainbow Formation

NCERT Activity 10.3: Understand how rainbows form — sunlight undergoes refraction, internal reflection, and dispersion inside raindrops.

How To Perform

1

Sunlight Hits Raindrops

See sunlight approach tiny water droplets after rain.

2

Refraction on Entry

Light refracts as it enters the raindrop and begins to disperse.

3

Internal Reflection

Light reflects off the inner surface of the raindrop.

4

Light Exits — Rainbow

Light refracts again on exit, producing the rainbow with red on top.

5

Classify the Response

Explain why red is on the outer edge and violet on the inner edge.

⚠️ Safety Notes

  • Never look directly at the sun, even when looking for a rainbow.
  • A rainbow can only be seen when the sun is behind you and rain is in front.
  • Rainbows are optical phenomena — they have no fixed physical location.